Drashti's Assignment: Paper no -15 Mass Communication and Media studies (Assignment)

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Name: Nagla Drashsti P.

Roll no: 8

Paper no : 15 Mass Communication and Media studies

Class: M.A : Sem-4

Year: 2016-2018

Enrollment no : 2059108420170021

E-mail address: nagladrashti38@gmail.com

Submitted: Smt S.B Gardy

Department of English Maharaja

Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar

University,Bhavnagar.

Assignment topic: History of Indian Cinema, Comparison between Old Cinema and New Cinema.

What is the History of Indian Cinema?

India has the world’s largest Film Industry where more than 700 feature films and 100 documentaries are produced each year. Over 1000 feature films are released in India every year. They include films in over 27 languages. This is the current stamina of INDIA in film industry. We are the perfect and potential competitor for the western Hollywood. Now, it’s really WORTH to know the history of INDIAN CINEMA.

History of Indian Cinema

When we talk about cinema history in india, we must thank Lumiere brothers.The birth of Cinema in India can be attributed to the Lumiere brother`s. Only a few months after the Lumiere brothers introduced the art of cinematography in Paris in 1895, cinema made its presence felt in India.

The first movie was released in India around 103 years ago, i.e. on 7th July 1897 at Watson Hotel, Mumbai. This film was produced by Lumiere Bros., it had only 6 scenes! All it had was an arrival of a train, a sea bath, demolition of a building, workers leaving the mill and ladies and soldiers on wheels. It was a silent movie for 10 minutes.
The first Indian to produce a film was H.S. Bhatwdekar. All he had with him was a projector, but he didn’t have a camera, so he got one from London and shot only 2 scenes of 3 minutes each, which were titled Do Pahalwanon Ki Kushti and Bandar Ko Nachata Hua Madaari. It was released in December 1889, more than a century ago!
The first short films in India were directed by Hiralal Sen, starting with The Flower of Persia (1898). The first full-length motion picture in India was produced by Dadasaheb Phalke [Dadasaheb Phalke is regarded as the Father of Indian Cinema.], a scholar on India’s languages and culture, who bought together elements from Sanskrit epics to produce his Raja Harishchandra.

1. Dadasaheb Phalke is regarded as the father of Indian Cinema

The first feature film over 1 hour was Raja Harischandra in 1913.And in the same movie the first ever female role depicted by a male artiste was played by Salunke the title role.

The first ‘talkie’ in was Jamai Sasthi in 1931.The second talkie film released in India was Shirin Farhaad, on 30th May 1931. It was produced by Madan Theatres, Calcutta and directed by its owner Mr. J.J. Madan. It had 18 songs. Indra Sabha which was released in 1932 had as much as 69 songs in it. Can you believe it! It was produced by Madan Theatre, Calcutta and directed by J.J. Madan. The film starred Master Nissar, Jahan Aara, Kazzam, Miss Silvasia and others.

The first ever color film made in India was Kissan Kanhaiya produced by Imperial Film Co. This film was released in 1937. Moti B. Gidwani directed it, and its music was composed by Ram Gopal Pandey. The film had 10 songs, which were released by Gramophone Records.

The longest kissing scene till date has been picturised for the film Karma (released in 1926), a silent film. It was between Himanshu Rai and Devika Rani for about 4 minutes on the screen, almost 4 times lengthier than the kissing scene of Dayavaan (released in 1989) between Vinod Khanna and Madhuri Dixit.

2. Golden Age of Indian cinema

The golden period in the history of Indian cinema is attributed to the 1950s. Guru Dutt, Mehboob Khan, Raj Kapoor, Balraj Sahani, Nargis, Bimal Roy, Meena Kumari, Madhubala, Dilip Kumar graced the screens. In south India esteemed actors like Rajkumar, Gemini Ganesan, NT Rama Rao and several other actors and actresses entertained the audiences.

3. Largest Film Industry In India

The Telugu language film industry [ Tollywood ] of Andhra Pradesh is currently the largest in India in terms of number of movies produced in a year.The state of Andhra Pradesh has the highest number of cinema halls in India.Currently, about 300 Telugu films are released every year with approximately 3 productions every week. Just like any other cinema industry, the Telugu film industry produces all genres of cinema.Stars like Chiranjeevi, Balakrishna, Nagarjuna and Venkatesh made the Telugu cinema get more collections and they increased the world wide market of Telugu cinema. The next generation, like Pawan Kalyan,Mahesh Babu, NTR Jr., Ravi Teja,Allari Naresh, Prabhas dominate the industry with high standards and great openings of their films.

In Short,

First Film Released on 7th July 1897
First Talkie Movie – Jamai Sasthi
First ever color film – Kissan Kanhaiya
First feature film – Raja Harischandra

4. Old Indian Cinema:

Old Indian Cinema especially is going to discuss about the golden actresses from the golden era of Bollywood. Over the years those beauties have maintained their grace. They are the part of Bollywood era, and basically deserves to be a golden star. They have their fantastic, mind-blowing acting power, which should remember everyday every film fanatic, stars. The impact of western cultures teaches us necessary elements of cinema. Indian writing likes to consider the clear beginning to the end. So in India, there are some possible features; that narrates the modeling beauty to those graceful actresses, who have sizzled and scorched on the silver screen for decades. Some memorable, evergreen and beautiful actresses are- Madhubala, Asha Parekh, Tanuja, Vyjyanti Mala, Sadhna, Zeenat Aman, Mumtaz, Saira Banu, Waheeda Rehman, Helen, Nargis, and some others. These are beautiful actresses have their several position in Indian Cinema.

Madhubala : The most gorgeous actress has made an incredible contribution to the Indian film industry. Madhubala is an epitome of beauty, who had an unbeatable charm. She became prominent personality with these films-Pardes, Mughal-E-Azam and some others.
Asha Parekh: Asha Parekh is a multi-faceted personality playing the role of actress, director, producer, and other responsibilities with ease. She started her movie career as a child artist with the film “Aasmaan” in 1952 and has acted till 1999. Her most memorable films have been “Dil Deke Dekho,” “Teesri Manzil,” “Love in Tokyo,” and “Do Badan,”.
Tanuja: Tanuja started her career with the movie “Baharen Phir Bhi Aayengi,” in 1966 and then went on to star in movies like “Anubhav” and “Jewel Thief.”
Vyjyanti Mala: Vyjyanthi Mala is a renowned classical dancer and an actress who made her debut in South Indian movies. She was a much sought after actress in the 1950s and 1960s. She had achieved fame and accolades as a child performing classical dance for large number of audience. She has long retired from limelight and now leads a quiet life.
Sadhna: Sadhna became famous by her hairstyle. Sadhana aspired to be an actress since childhood, and she played in Raj Kapoor‘s Shree 420. Her memorable films are “Hum Dono,” “Love in Shimla,” “Waqt,” etc.
Zeenat Aman: Zeenat Aman is known for her bold roles in “Satyam Shivam Sundaram,” “Hare Rama Hare Krishna.”
Mumtaz: Mumtaz had been a junior actress in movies and after a few movies later, was absorbed into the mainstream cinema. This 67-year-old actress retired from movies 1977 though appeared in one or two films later on. Her famous films have been “Khilona,” “Apradh,”.
Saira Banu: Saira Banu debuted at the age of 16 and her memorable films have been Junglee, Padosan, Diwana, etc. She retired from films after marrying actor Dilip Kumar.
Waheeda Rehman: An extremely elegant and graceful actress, she wears her greys gracefully. This 76-year-old actress is best known for her movies “Guide” and “Kagaz Ke Phool.”
Helen: This dancing diva was known for her dancing prowess and has been active in movies since 1951. Some of her best films- Awara (1951), Shakti Samanta‘s film, Howrah Bridge etc.
Although we have some greater conceptions about Indian actresses, there are also some others, and forever whose contributions will never be paused in the Indian screen.

5. New Indian Cinema:

Cinema became increasingly popular in the early twentieth century throughout the world. Unlike theatre performances, cinema has historically been, and continues to be, affordable for the common man. Much like theatre, cinema allowed for films to narrate social struggles and depict daily life in the city for broad audiences. Following India’s independence, the new nation had many stories to tell, and the newfound voice to do it. Considered by many to be India’s own ‘Golden Age’ of cinema, the 1940’s to the 1960’s produced countless widely successful commercial films. For many, the cinema was the only form of affordable entertainment, and the industry responded to this need by producing films that catered to popular culture. During this time, a parallel, independent film movement also emerged, giving evidence to the cultural importance of this democratic medium to this new democratic nation.

India continues to be the largest producer of films in the world, with the Hindi-language film industry (also known as ‘HiFi’, Hindi Cinema or Bollywood) based in Mumbai being the primary producer. Many films engage the viewer with universal themes, entertaining songs, and fun dance numbers. More than twenty million people go to the cinema daily, and can be regarded as India’s “religion” with the large following and strong connection with Indian culture and identity.

In Chandigarh, the culture and identity of Indian architecture was supplanted with modernist structures; cinema halls had to conform to the precepts of the architectural master plan and regulated by frame control. Despite this, or perhaps because of, they have become iconic structures and have helped establish the identity and culture of Chandigarh,“Architects have found original expression working within the architectural controls, inspired, no doubt, by the built heritage around them”. Unlike other civic buildings, the cinema halls were each given a name to distinguish it as an iconic structure within the city and prominently sited in the heart of their sectors, displacing the religious structures as the central institution of the community.